Can You Paint A Glass Lamp? A Quick Guide

  • Home Decor 101
  • Posted by: amy-golden
  • Oct 5, 2024

Can you paint a glass lamp? Absolutely! With creativity and a few easy steps, you can transform your old glass lamp into a stunning, personalized home decor piece. In this guide, we’ll cover everything from choosing the best paint for glass lamps to applying different techniques to achieve unique finishes. Whether you prefer spray paint, stenciling, or faux stained glass, this step-by-step tutorial will walk you through the process.

Table of Contents

Choosing the Right Paint for Your Glass Lamp

Not all paints work for glass surfaces, so it’s important to select the right one. Here are some popular paint types and their features.

Paint Types Applications Prices

Glass-specific spray paint

  • Ideal for large surfaces and even coverage
  • Offers a variety of colors and finishes
$14.99

Acrylic paint

  • Versatile for detailed work and stencils
  • Water-based, easy to clean up
$14.99

Oil-based paint

  • Ideal for outdoor use or high-traffic areas
  • Durable, provides a smooth finish
$29.86

Solvent-based paint

  • Similar properties to oil-based paint
  • Designed for glass windows/doors
$19.70

Epoxy paint

  • Ideal for high-traffic areas
  • Creates a highly durable, glossy finish
$55.84

Markers

  • Suitable for creating small details or outlining designs
  • Ideal for outdoor projects
  • Suitable for those who aren’t comfortable using paintbrushes
$19.82

Outliner

  • Creates raised designs on the glass surface
  • Helps to create a 3D effect with
  • Available in accent colors like silver, black, gold, copper, and bronze
$61.07

*Note: Prices may vary depending on your location and specific brand choices.

Now, let’s figure out step-by-step guides for 4 popular glass lamp painting techniques that contribute to creating unique and striking designs. 

1. Paint A Glass Lamp with Spray Painting Technique

Spray painting is one of the most popular methods for painting glass lamps and this is an easy way to decorate your nightstand because it provides an even coat and is quick and easy. Here’s how you can do it:

What You’ll Need

Materials Purpose  Priority
Glass lam To be painted A lamp with a smooth, clean surface to ensure better paint adhesion
Spray paint Color the glass lamp A paint designed specifically for indoor use, as it will offer greater durability and longevity
Rubbing alcohol Clean the lamp’s surface to eliminate any oils or residue  70 - 99% isopropyl alcohol
Primer Enhance the paint’s adhesion to the lamp’s surface and create a smooth finish by eliminating any oils or residues present Primer designed for glass
Drop cloth/Newspaper Protect the work area from paint splatters Optional
Mild soap and water Remove stubborn grime Optional
Lint-free cloth Apply cleaning solutions and dry the lamp Optional
Clear spray paint Protect the painted surface once dry Optional
Stencils/Painter’s tape Create designs or patterns on the lamp Optional
Scrubbing pad Remove paint stains Optional

Step 1. Set up your workspace

Preparing everything for smooth glass lamp painting 
Preparing everything for smooth glass lamp painting

Before painting a glass lamp, protect your work area with newspaper or a drop cloth to prevent any paint splatter. You can select an area with adequate airflow, like a garage or an outdoor space. This will help minimize fume inhalation and promote proper paint drying.

Then, cover your work surface with newspaper or a drop cloth to safeguard it against paint overspray or spills. Don’t forget to take off the lampshade, light bulb, and any other parts that can be easily detached from the lamp base.

Step 2. Clean the lamp thoroughly

Focusing on removing any dust on your lamp for a successful glass painting | source: the kitchn
Focusing on removing any dust on your lamp for a successful glass painting | source: the kitchn

It’s important to clean the glass lamp thoroughly to ensure proper paint adhesion. For example, when learning how to clean a stained glass lamp, remove any detachable parts and use a cloth dampened with rubbing alcohol to wipe down the entire surface, including the base and decorative elements. For tough dirt, clean with a mixture of mild soap and water, then rinse thoroughly and dry fully.

Furthermore, if your lamp has a slick or polished finish, carefully sand it with fine-grit sandpaper or steel wool. This will enhance the primer and paint’s ability to stick to the glass. Be sure to apply painter’s tape to any sections of the lamp that you want to keep unpainted, including the lamp base, electrical components, or decorative elements you want to safeguard.

Step 3. Apply a prime

A prime for the first layer of glass painting on your lamp
A prime for the first layer of glass painting on your lamp

Priming the lamp enhances paint adhesion and reduces the risk of chipping or peeling as time goes by. Additionally, it ensures a uniform and smooth finish.

Before applying the primer, make sure the lamp is completely clean and dry from the previous step. Shake your glass-specific primer thoroughly to mix the ingredients well, then hold the can about 6 - 8 inches (15 - 20cm) away from the lamp’s surface. Start spraying the primer with a consistent and smooth motion, moving either from left to right or up and down. Apply a thin and even layer, taking care to avoid concentrating too much spray in any one spot.

Multiple thin coats are preferable to one thick coat. Lastly, let the primer dry thoroughly following the manufacturer’s guidelines, which usually takes around 1 to 2 hours, although this may differ between brands.

Step 4. Select your base color

Choose the base color of your lamp among these spray paint colors
Choose the base color of your lamp among these spray paint colors

Selecting the base color for your painted glass lamp is an exciting way to establish its style and ambiance. Here are some tips to guide your selection:

  • Evaluate the room’s color palette: Examine the hues of the walls, furniture, and decorations. Choose a base color that complements or contrasts with these elements for a cohesive look.
  • Think about the lamp’s intended use: Choose a striking color if you want it to serve as a focal point. For a more understated touch, select a softer, neutral hue.
  • Incorporate your personal style: Reflect on your preferences and desired aesthetic. Whether modern or eclectic, let your style influence your choice.
  • Think about the lamp’s design: Consider how the color will enhance or highlight the lamp’s unique features and shape.

Step 5. Paint the lamp with the base coat

Remember to let the primer dry first before painting the base
Remember to let the primer dry first before painting the base

Apply the base coat to your glass lamp after the primer is dry because the base coat will serve as the primary color and foundation for your painted lamp. Shake the spray paint, hold the can 6 - 8 inches (15 - 20cm) away, and spray in sweeping motions for even coverage. Use multiple thin layers to avoid drips and ensure all areas are coated. Allow the base coat to dry fully for a few hours according to the manufacturer's guidelines.

*Note: To avoid drips and runs, refrain from applying excessive paint in one go, and pay attention to difficult-to-reach areas and corners. If necessary, you can add additional layers of the base color to achieve your preferred finish before moving on to the next steps.

Step 6. Add more layers (if needed)

Some suggestions for the effect of glass lamp 
Some suggestions for the effect of glass lamp

After applying the base coat to your glass lamp, you can choose to add extra layers of paint to enhance depth, texture, or decorative effects. This step is optional and depends on your personal style and desired look. Here are some suggestions for adding extra layers: ideas for additional layers:

  • Achieve an ombre effect: To create a gradient look, use a lighter or darker shade of the base color in designated areas.
  • Add a metallic touch: To achieve a chic or contemporary look, consider incorporating a metallic layer. Choose a metallic spray paint in silver, gold, or bronze, and gently apply it over the base color to enhance shine and visual interest.
  • Experiment with textures: Use various techniques to add texture to your lamp. For instance, spray paint over a stencil or mesh material for a patterned effect. Alternatively, dab a sponge or crumpled plastic wrap lightly on the lamp’s surface for a textured look.
  • Apply a translucent layer: If you wish to maintain the glass’s transparency while adding a tint, opt for a translucent spray paint. This will provide a subtle color hint without completely obscuring the lamp.

*Note: Be cautious when adding extra layers, as each one will prolong the drying time. Ensure each layer is fully dry before applying the next to prevent smudging or unevenness.

Step 7. Customize with designs (optional)

Just be creative as you want your glass lamp more unique 
Just be creative as you want your glass lamp more unique

To make your painted glass lamp truly unique, consider adding a personalized design or pattern. You can use stencils for clean shapes, freehand paint for a creative touch, or painter’s tape for crisp lines.

Feel free to combine techniques, layering stencils, and hand-painted details for a custom look. Planning your design ahead will help you achieve a precise and polished finish.

Additionally, you can cut painter’s tape into shapes or patterns and apply it to the lamp. Spray paint over the tape, covering the edges, then remove the tape once dry to reveal your design. Or, you should try combining various methods for a unique look. Start with a base coat, add a stencil, and finish with hand-painted details. Experiment to find the best combination for your design.

Step 8. Protect the paint with a top coat

This will remain your glass lamp painting for a long time
This will remain your glass lamp painting for a long time

To apply the clear coat, hold the can about 6 - 8 inches (15 - 20cm)  away from the lamp’s surface. Begin by spraying a thin, even layer starting at the top and working your way down. Continue applying until the entire lamp is covered, ensuring you don’t oversaturate to avoid drips or an uneven finish. Finally, allow the clear coat to dry completely according to the manufacturer’s instructions, which usually takes a few hours. You can apply a second coat for extra shine and protection.

Step 9. Let the lamp dry

Wait for the glass painting part to dry 
Wait for the glass painting part to dry

After painting your glass lamp, let it dry completely for 24 - 48 hours to ensure proper adhesion and avoid smudging. Place it in a well-ventilated area and avoid touching it during this time. Keep it away from dust, pets, and children, and remember that humidity and temperature can impact drying speed.

*Note:

  • Use household cleaners like rubbing alcohol to tackle stubborn paint stains
  • Scrub gently and rinse

Step 10. Reassemble the lamp

Reassemble your glass lamp and enjoy that masterpiece
Reassemble your glass lamp and enjoy that masterpiece

Your painted glass lamp is now dry and ready for reassembly. Gather the clean components-base, stem, light bulb, and lampshade-ensure the paint is fully dry, and touch up any smudges. Assemble the lamp by securing the stem to the base, attaching the lampshade, inserting the light bulb, and plugging it in to test.

2. Paint A Glass Lamp with Solid Color Painting

For a sleek and simple design, solid color painting is another option. Here’s how to do it.

What You’ll Need

Materials Purpose Priority
Glass lampshade The base object to decorate and paint Optional
Rubbing alcohol Remove oils and residue for better paint adhesion. 70 - 99% isopropyl alcohol
Glass paint Paint the lampshade Brands, such as Martha Stewart Crafts, Pebeo Vitrea 160, Krylon Stained Glass Paint
Decoupage glue An alternative if glass paint is unavailable Mod Podge
Food coloring Mix with decoupage glue for color Optional, only for mixing with glue
Disposable container Mix and pour paint Optional
Synthetic taklon brush Apply paint smoothly Optional
Paper towels Dry the lampshade after cleaning Optional

Step 1. Clean and prepare the lampshade

The lampshade needs to be absolutely clean before the glass painting process
The lampshade needs to be absolutely clean before the glass painting process

Remove the lampshade and wash it with warm, soapy water. Rinse and dry it with a paper towel, then wipe the surface with rubbing alcohol to remove any oils. Handle the lampshade from the inside to avoid transferring oils to the painted area.

Step 2. Mix glass painting colors

Glass paint and a disposable container
Glass paint and a disposable container

Pour your preferred glass paint into a disposable container, which you can find in the glass painting section of a craft store. Glass paint is available in a variety of finishes, including translucent, opaque, glossy, and matte, with some even featuring sparkles.

A translucent finish lets the maximum amount of light through, whereas an opaque finish is more similar to acrylic paint. If you want a sea glass effect, opt for a matte finish. It’s essential to use glass paint instead of stained glass filler, as the latter is too liquid for this kind of project.

If you can’t find glass paint, make your own by mixing decoupage glue, like Mod Podge, with food coloring. Add enough glue to a container to fully cover your lampshade, then mix in 1 to 5 drops of food coloring until the mixture is consistent. More coloring deepens the hue; glossy finishes are translucent, while matte creates a sea glass effect.

Step 3. Apply a coat of glass 

A close-up of a hand carefully applying paint to a glass lampshade with a flat brush
A close-up of a hand carefully applying paint to a glass lampshade with a flat brush

Coat the exterior of the lampshade with paint. Support the shade from the inside while using a broad, flat brush to apply the paint. Ensure that all brushstrokes are in one direction, either vertically or horizontally. To minimize visible brushstrokes, apply a thin, even layer of paint.

For optimal results, use a brush with synthetic taklon bristles; steer clear of camel hair (which is too soft) and boar bristles (which are too stiff).

Step 4. Let the paint dry completely

A colorful glass lampshade is drying in the sun
A colorful glass lampshade is drying in the sun

Once the glass lamp painting is done, allow the paint to dry and cure in a dust-free area. Drying time will vary based on the paint type. For example, glass paint may take up to 24 hours, while decoupage glue dries in just a few hours. Be sure to check the label for curing times. If the paint feels sticky, it hasn’t fully cured, so let it sit for a few more days.

Step 5. Add a second coat (if needed)

You can paint a glass lamp with more layers
You can paint a glass lamp with more layers

If you’d like a more opaque finish or to cover brushstrokes, apply a second coat of paint and let it dry. You can also paint the inside of the lampshade but remember to clean it with rubbing alcohol first. Be sure to check the drying time based on the type of paint you’re using, and allow the second or inside coat to fully dry and cure.

Step 6. Reattach the shade to the lamp

Carefully reattach the lampshade back to your lamp
Carefully reattach the lampshade back to your lamp

Once the paint is dry, reattach the lampshade. If it feels sticky, let it dry for a few more days to avoid attracting dust and dirt. Assembling it too early could cause the tacky paint to attract dust and dirt.

3. Paint A Glass Lamp with Stenciling Technique 

Stenciling is perfect for adding intricate designs to your glass lamp. This technique allows for creativity while keeping the process easy to manage.

What You’ll Need

Materials Purpose Priority
Stencils Choose standard or self-adhesive designs Ornate patterns
Painter’s tape Secure regular stencils Optional
Glass paint Choose your desired finish  Martha Stewart Crafts, Pebeo Vitrea 160, Krylon Stained Glass Paint
Pouncer Apply paint Martha Stewart Crafts, FolkArt, Plaid
Disposable plate or palette Hold paint Optional
Rubbing alcohol Clean the lampshade and pouncer 70 - 99% isopropyl alcohol
Thin, pointed brush Touch up (if needed) Optional
Brush cleaner (optional) Clean the pouncer Optional

Step 1. Clean the lampshade

Cleaning the lampshade completely is always the first step in the successful glass painting process for a lamp
Cleaning the lampshade completely is always the first step in the successful glass painting process for a lamp

Take off the lampshade and clean it thoroughly. Remove it from the fixture and wash it with warm, soapy water. Dry it with a towel, then wipe it down with rubbing alcohol to remove any oils or residue. From this point, only handle the lamp shade from the inside to avoid transferring oils.

*Note: Skip cleaning if the lampshade has already been painted.

Step 2. Place a stencil on the shade

You need to pay attention to where you want the stencils to be on the lampshade
You need to pay attention to where you want the stencils to be on the lampshade

Place a stencil on the lampshade, using either standard or self-adhesive stencils. For regular stencils, secure all four edges with painter’s tape. If you’re using a self-adhesive stencil, peel off the backing and press it onto the lamp.

You may consider an ornate stencil with fine lines to allow light to shine through; designs like flourishes, filigree, and intricate butterflies work well.

Step 3. Paint over the stencil

Turn the stencils into the colorful world of glass painting
Turn the stencils into the colorful world of glass painting

Use a pouncer to apply glass paint over the stencil. Squeeze some paint onto a disposable plate or palette, dip the foam pouncer into it, and gently tap it onto the stencil, starting from the outer edges and working toward the center.

You can choose any finish for the glass paint, but keep in mind that translucent paint might not be very visible against a previously painted surface. If your lampshade has been painted with tinted decoupage glue, switch to acrylic paint, as the glue will be too fluid for this step.

Step 4. Remove the stencil carefully

This step of glass painting is quite difficult
This step of glass painting is quite difficult

Remove the stencil before the paint dries to prevent it from sticking. As soon as you finish your last brushstroke, lift the stencil off carefully. Avoid dragging it across the lamp shape to prevent smearing; instead, lift it straight up by holding two corners.

If you see any chips or gaps in the paint after removing the stencil, use leftover paint and a thin, pointed brush to fill them in.

Step 5. Let the paint dry and clean your supplies

Take time to clean everything with rubbing alcohol
Take time to clean everything with rubbing alcohol

Let the paint dry and clean your supplies. Remember that acrylic paint dries much faster compared to glass paint, which can take several hours.

While waiting for the primer to dry completely, you should take this opportunity to clean your pouncer and stencil. Wipe the stencil with rubbing alcohol, being careful not to get any on the adhesive part if it's self-adhesive. Clean the pouncer using soapy water or a brush cleaner, but remember that it might be beyond repair and may need to be thrown away.

Step 6. Add more stencils (if desired)

Add more stencil designs if you like 
Add more stencil designs if you like

If you want a layered look, feel free to apply additional stencils at this stage. You can also place stencils on different areas of the lampshade. Allow the paint to dry after removing the stencil. For example:

  • If you’ve added one large butterfly, consider adding one or two smaller ones.
  • If you used a filigree heart, adding flourishes on either side could enhance the design.
  • If you painted a flower in one color, think about incorporating two more flowers in different colors.

Step 7. Reattach the shade to the lamp

The glass painting for the lampshade is done
The glass painting for the lampshade is done

Reassemble the lamp after the paint has fully dried and cured. If the paint feels tacky, it’s still curing, so allow a few more hours and check the label for specific drying times.

4. Paint A Glass Lamp with Faux Stained Glass

Faux stained glass is an advanced but rewarding technique that adds a colorful, elegant touch to your lamp.

What You’ll Need

Materials Purpose Priority
Paneled glass lampshade Select one with four or more panels Framed in metal
Black spray paint Paint the metal frame  Rust-Oleum, Krylon, Montana Gold
Rubbing alcohol Remove residue fo better paint adhesion 70 - 99% isopropyl alcohol
Paper Trace the glass panels and design the stained glass pattern Optional
Clear acrylic sealer If using glue for sealing the panels Krylon, Mod Podge, Rust-Oleum
Black glass paint leading/Dimensional paint Outline the design Pebeo Vitrea 160, Martha Stewart Crafts, FolkArt Enamels
Glass paint Fill in the design space Martha Stewart Crafts, Pebeo Vitrea 160, Krylon Stained Glass Paint
Permanent marker Touch up any gaps after drying Optional

Step 1. Choose a paneled lampshade

Choose a panel lampshade based on size, shape, material, color, style, fitting, functionality, and budget to suit your decor
Choose a panel lampshade based on size, shape, material, color, style, fitting, functionality, and budget to suit your decor

Select a paneled glass lampshade to enhance the authenticity of your stained glass lamp and simplify the painting process. Look for a shade with four or more panels framed in metal, as vintage styles are particularly effective for this purpose.

Step 2. Disassemble the lamp

A vintage tiffany-style lamp with a paneled glass lampshade after being disassembled
A vintage tiffany-style lamp with a paneled glass lampshade after being disassembled

Disassemble the lampshade according to your lamp’s design. Generally, you should first detach the lamp shade from the fixture, then carefully remove the glass panels.

Step 3. Paint the frame (optional)

Use spray glass paint for the frame 
Use spray glass paint for the frame

If you want to spray paint the frame, take it outside or to a well-ventilated area. Place it on a sheet of newspaper and apply 1 - 2 coats of black spray paint, allowing 15 - 20 minutes of drying time between coats. Using spray paint designed for metal will yield the best results. If that’s not available, start with a primer, let it dry, and then apply your preferred spray paint.

Step 4. Clean the panels

Clean the entire lampshade panel
Clean the entire lampshade panel

Clean the glass panels with warm, soapy water, then rinse and dry them with a towel. Use rubbing alcohol to clean off any residues and oils that could interfere with paint adhesion. Hold the glass by the edges to prevent transferring oils.

Step 5. Design and paint the stained glass pattern

“draft” your design for glass painting first
“draft” your design for glass painting first

Begin by outlining your design using glass paint leading. Acquire a bottle of black glass paint leading from a craft store. Apply the leading directly onto the glass using the nozzle of the bottle. If you are right-handed, begin on the left side; if you are left-handed, start on the right to prevent smudging your work.

Ensure the lines connect to prevent bleeding when you add the paint. If you prefer not to use glass paint, you can opt for black puffy paint or black dimensional paint instead. Alternatively, you can create your own puffy paint by mixing 1 teaspoon of black acrylic paint with an 8-ounce (240-mL) bottle of white school glue.

Step 6. Let the lampshade dry 

The paneled glass lampshade is drying after being painted 
The paneled glass lampshade is drying after being painted

Over 2 - 3 days, outline your design with black glass paint leading or alternative black dimensional paint. Let the outlines dry for at least 6 - 8 hours before filling the spaces with glass paint, ensuring complete coverage. Allow the paint to dry for at least 24 hours, checking labels for any specific curing times. If gaps appear, fill them in with a matching permanent marker after drying.

Step 7. Fill in the areas of your design with glass paint

Squeezing glass paint into a stained glass design
Squeezing glass paint into a stained glass design

Buy bottles of glass paint from a craft store, preferably those with a nozzle for easy application. Apply the paint to each area of your design, making sure to completely fill the gaps between the leading. You may need to spread it using the nozzle. You can create your own glass paint by mixing clear school glue with acrylic paint, adding 1 to 2 drops of acrylic paint for each tablespoon of glue.

You can also opt for stained glass filler, which is more fluid and thinner than other glass paints and usually has a translucent appearance. Glass paint is available in various finishes; translucent offers the most realistic appearance, but you can also experiment with matte, opaque, or sparkly options.

Although the mixture of glue and acrylic paint may dry faster, you should allow at least 24 hours for genuine glass paint to dry. Be aware that certain brands may have a curing time as well, so check the label for detailed drying and curing instructions. If you see any gaps in your paint, let it dry first, then fill them in with a permanent marker that matches the color.

Step 8. Reassemble the lamp

The lampshade looks more stylish now
The lampshade looks more stylish now

Reassemble the lamp after the paint has fully dried and is no longer tacky. Reinsert the panels into the frame, making sure the painted side is facing outward. If the paint still feels tacky, allow a few more days for it to dry and cure completely. 

*Note: If you use glue along with the paint, start by sealing the panels with clear acrylic spray paint.

Related Articles: How to Decorate Your Office Desk? 30+ Unique & Easy Ideas

Let’s wrap up these popular techniques for painting a glass lamp and reflect on their pros and cons: 

Painting Techniques Pros Cons
Spray Painting Quick, even coverage Less control over detailed design
Solid Color Painting Simple, modern look Can be less durable without proper sealing
Stenciling Adds intricate designs with precision Requires patience and steady hands
Applying Faux Stained Glass Lamp Beautiful, colorful finish Time-consuming and requires precision

*Note: You absolutely combine all these painting techniques in a glass lamp.

Ideas for DIY Painting Glass Lamps

Looking for inspiration? Here are a few ideas to get you started:
Looking for inspiration? Here are a few ideas to get you started:
Boho-inspired lamp with a spray-painted geometric pattern
Boho-inspired lamp with a spray-painted geometric pattern
Modern lamp with a spray-painted abstract pattern
Modern lamp with a spray-painted abstract pattern
Minimalist lamp with a spray-painted solid color
Minimalist lamp with a spray-painted solid color
Rustic lamp with a spray-painted wood grain pattern
Rustic lamp with a spray-painted wood grain pattern
Playful lamp with a spray-painted polka dot pattern
Playful lamp with a spray-painted polka dot pattern
Whimsical glass lamp with a spray-painted fairy tale scene
Whimsical glass lamp with a spray-painted fairy tale scene
Glamorous glass lamp with a spray-painted metallic finish
Glamorous glass lamp with a spray-painted metallic finish
Statement lamp with a spray-painted bold pattern
Statement lamp with a spray-painted bold pattern
Unique lamp with a spray-painted custom design
Unique lamp with a spray-painted custom design

*Note: These are just a few ideas to get you started. You can combine techniques or experiment with different materials and colors to create a unique and personalized glass lamp.

Conclusion

And now, you’ve already known the answer to “Can you paint a glass lamp?” with these easy-to-follow techniques. Therefore, you can transform your glass lamp into a stunning work of art. Happy painting and be freely creative!

FAQs

Can I paint frosted glass light fixtures?

Yes, you can paint frosted glass light fixtures. Just ensure to use paint designed for glass surfaces and apply a primer beforehand.

Can I spray paint glass pendant lights?

Yes, spray painting glass pendant lights is possible. Ensure that you use paint designed specifically for glass.

How can I choose a paint color that compliments my home decor?

Choose a color that matches your room’s overall style and theme. Neutral colors are suitable for a minimalist style, whereas vibrant shades can introduce a burst of color.

Tags:

Author

I work as a freelance blogger in Seattle, Washington. I've been freelancing full-time for 5 years. I'm interested in anime, resin art, and mechanical keyboards.

amy-golden

Leave a comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *